Comparison Between English and Chinese Language

Comparison Between English and Chinese Language Language is a combination of human-beings history and culture, containing various aspects of social characteristics such as : national consciousness, historical culture, customs etc. And language serves as dress of thought, thoughts are always expressed by words, without thinking, words and language would be meaningless. Meanwhile, the different cultural background and cultural tradition make Chinese and Western in a different pattern of thinking. Vocabulary is the most basic and important materials of building language. So cultural diversity incarnate vocabulary as the most outstanding part. Most of the words do not have a literary meaning, but with a implied meaning, symbol meaning, figurative meaning and connotation meaning, and also endow a word with emotion color. Since ancient times, animals are closely related to human activities. Myths, fairy tales are often related to all kinds of animals in both western country and eastern country. In these literary works, animals are often endowed with human qualities and characteristics. Due to the different culture, the connotative meaning of these vocabulary is generally different. This article, from the angle of linguistic and lexicology side, compare and analysis the animal vocabulary in English and Chinese, in order to reveal the similarities and differences between Western and Chinese culture. Key words: Animal vocabulary, culture, connotation I. Absolute equivalents between English and Chinese. What I called absolute equivalents is not only means the same basic or denotative meaning but also the roughly same cultural connotation and this is called culturaloverlaps. For example: wolf, an wild animal looks like a big dog. In English , wolf often used to describe a pervert man. We have the same meaning in Chinese. They both developed with the greedy characteristics of wolf .Lamb in English refers to a gentle, meek person, also Chinese have the same feeling when they say this world. Take another world fox, we often see as cunning as a fox, in Chinese, fox has also the same meaning of cunning, refers to a wily people. Similarly: as cheerful as a lark; as busy as bee; as fat as a pig; as dull as an ass. All of these animal words express the same meaning no matter in Chinese or English. It reflect the common of the two cultures. People of different culture are living in the same earth. For most of them, the natural environment and some living conditions are similar, so there are a lot of words have the same meaning. These shows the similary of culture. II. Partial equivalents between English and Chinese Vocabulary between Chinese and English which have the different literary meaning, but can express the same connotation meaning, I called it partial equivalents vocabulary. That is to say, two different anima word share a same culture connotation. Eg: cattle(ox) ,plays an important role in Chinese life, cattle, the basis of farm work, plough in the form land and dedicate beaf, milk, people raise them, use them, like them, and respect them. So Chinese people often say as strong as ox to describe a man with strength, but in English we want to express the same meaning, we have to use as strong as a horse. It originated in eastern and western ancient farming methods. British us horses to cultivate land in early times. So they use horse to share the same meaning while Chinese uses cattle. Lion has a rich cultural connotation in English, the image of a lion is brave, imposing manner and majesty. And it is called the king of beasts, so there is alionheart (warriors), majesticasalion (as gr and as a lion), alterarylion (literary celebrity) sayings. The British treat the lion as their symbol of the nation, The British lion which refers to the British. In the culture of the Chinese nation, the lion had not that much connotation, instead, the similar association is tiger . In the national opinion, the tiger is the king of beasts, it refers to prowess, majesty. In Chinese, the tiger replaced the lions position. Similarly, English use a black sheep while Chinese use horse to describe a timid defenseless simpleton who is readily preyed upon; as timid as a rabbit (mouse instead in Chinese) to express a person who is timorous. These kind of vocabulary reflects the difference between Chinese and Western culture. English and Chinese people created synonyms according to their own experiences, but each pair of synonyms were used different animal words, this is mainly due to differences such as mode of production, thinking habits and customs, etc between English and Chinese .Based on the same concept, they have different association, so they use different metaphors to refer to these words. III. Conflict vocabulary between English and Chinese Conflict vocabulary means the English and Chinese language share the same basic meaning, but the cultural connotation is different, even opposite praise or blame meaning of animal words in the two kinds of culture. The association of people would be totally different sometimes. Dragon has rich cultural meanings in Chinese. It symbolizes the Chinese nation. For Chinese people, a dragon is something sacred and has been referred to as the ancestor of the Chinese nation-that is why Chinese call themselves the descendents of dragon. In ancient time, people thought dragon is a mythical animal with great power. It symbolized the king in feudal society. so the king were called sons of dragons. Also parent would like their children to be like dragon, they often name their children with dragon because they hope their children can amount to something when grew up. So Chinese people are very respect to dragon .But in western culture, people think that dragon is an large animal that has wings and a long tail and can breathe fire. So they think dragon is a very dangerious and winged monster that will kills and eats people. In English, dragon symbolize evil or a woman who is fierce, unpleasant or has bad temper. Similarly, dog, phoenix and so many other animal words have totally different connotation in English and Chinese . so these kinds of words make a big trouble for English learners or Chinese learners. In conclusion, animal vocabulary in English and Chinese language have similar meaning but more different culture connotation .While the development of culture in Chinese and English, the vocabulary developed as well. The differences in culture connotation varies from many aspects of culture such as religion, customs, living habits, stories. So culture acts a very important role in animal vocabulary. When we learn a foreign vocabulary, do not only know its literary meaning, but find the relations and difference between the mother language and foreign one, and pay much attention to the culture background and culture connotation.

Why Does He Do Me This Why?

Osikenoya Usman-Aliu Professor Katherine A. James EN101 February 21,2013 Narrative Essay Why Does He Do Me This Way? I can remember the first day I laid eyes on him it was truly love at first sight. My name is Lily Jackson and I’ll tell you why love is blind. I was 14 years old and in the eighth grade year. I hated eighth grade year because everyone had a boyfriend except for me. I was always the outcast. That all changed for me the second semester in eighth grade. My teacher Ms. Williams announced to the class that we were having a new student join room 411.Everyone was excited, but I wasn’t because it was going to be another student that didn’t like me. Ms. Williams went outside and said â€Å"Class meet Jerome† Everyone started whispering: â€Å"where is he going to sit†? â€Å"What if I don’t like him†? The boys stated† I might have to beat him up if he talks crazy to anybody†? I slouched back in my seat covering my fac e. When he finally walked in everyone’s mouth dropped. The girl’s eyes grew big and the boys were angry. He entered the class and said â€Å"hey everyone† in this nice deep voice.Jerome was tall, handsome, had a clean fade, and beautiful straight white teeth. â€Å"He’ll sit next to Lilly† said Ms. Williams. I shouted BUT I ALWAYS SIT BY MYSELF. â€Å"This will give you time to open up Lilly† Ms. Williams stated in her eager voice. When Jerome sat next to me he smelt so good. I was nervous, but actually I was happy to sit next to the new boy. It was around the time of graduation and Jerome and I had become very close. We were attending the same high school. We grew a bound that nobody could touch. We had become best friends.A few weeks after graduation high school had begun and Jerome and I had almost every class together. Around senior year we grew even closer he would come pick me up for school and drop me off at home. All the girls wanted Jerome because he had a nice body, he was nice, and he gave everyone the benefit of the doubt. The most popular girl in the school was Jenna Hawkins. Every boy dreamed of being with her because she had long beautiful hair, no pimples, and was extremely smart. Her parents were millionaires so she was very spoiled. She drove a Bentley to school, which was all white and was a drop top.One day Jenna approached Jerome and asked him would he like to go to homecoming with him of course he said yes because he never let people down. I was very angry because Jerome and I always attended homecoming together; it was our tradition. When Jerome had dropped me off he asked me who I was attending homecoming with. â€Å"I’m not going â€Å"I stated in my mad voice. â€Å"Are you mad? † Jerome asked. â€Å"I responded NO! † â€Å"Do you want to go with me? † he asked. â€Å"No have fun with Jenna she’s real nice† I responded. He finally drove me off. I ran in my room and started crying.The next day at school I found out that Jerome and Jenna started dating. I was extremely upset. There was a rumor going around that I liked Jerome. Jerome approached me and said â€Å"Do you like me? † I stated â€Å"NO† He stated, â€Å"If you do I understand† I finally stated, â€Å"Yes I like you, I love you Jerome† â€Å"But we’re just friends Lilly and you know that† Jerome stated. I ran off filled with embarrassment. I stopped getting rides from Jerome and I completely cut him off. When Graduation came around I was isolated once again. I didn’t talk to no one. Jerome said, â€Å"I love you Lilly, but only as a friend†.

Bar coding

A taxonomic method that identifies the species of an organism by using a small genetic marker in the mitochondrial DNA of the organism is DNA bar coding. The mitochondrion of most eukaryotes contains the mitochondrial DNA, and the rate of mutations is faster that are responsible for a significant variation in the DNA sequences of the mitochondria between the species. The identification of the species via DNA bar coding relies entirely upon the short fragment of mitochondrial DNA.Recently interest is increasing to use a short sequence of tags namely bar codes for identifying and documentation of the species. (Blaxter,2003, Hebert and Gregory,2005). The standard sequence of the DNA used as a bar code is the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I or COI. A number of studies show that utilizing barcode gives accuracy in the classification of the species. (Kerret. et. al, 2007). The chitons live near the edge of the ocean they are mollusks.The chitons of the north pacific region are di verse comprising around 80 species, and all these species belong to the genus Mopalia. (Eernisse). The present paper discusses on identification of the species of the genus Mopalia from the extremely diverse community of chitons of the north pacific region using the DNA bar coding. DNA bar coding: To characterize the species of the organisms a novel technique exists termed â€Å"DNA bar coding†, and the technique uses a short sequence of DNA on the standard position of the genome.Obtaining the DNA sequences is quick as they comprise a very short sequence in comparison with the whole genome. The cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 of the mitochondrial region is the standard bar code region that contains a length of 648 nucleotide base pairs. There is a variation of the DNA bar codes among the individuals of the same species, but it is little. The effectiveness of the DNA bar code is directly dependent on the minor variation within the species, which is smaller than the differences be tween the species.(Consortium). Genus Mopalia: Fauna and flora of the north pacific region is diverse with long coastline and cool temperatures. Many species of the chitons play an important role in the ecology of the rocky shorelines. The Mopalia group has its recent origin with an interesting morphological similarity that attracts case study for DNA bar coding. DNA bar coding using the genus Mopalia: Up to now focus of the studies on DNA bar coding was mainly with the collection of the species within the geographical areas. (Hebert et. al,2003a).Studies in DNA bar coding with reference to the monophyletic groups is less leaving the ambiguity whether this technique is useful in distinguishing the closely related species. (Moritz and Cicero,1994)The present study uses the genus Mopalia, a challenging case study for the DNA bar coding methodology. The genus Mopalia is a recently originated; monophyletic that has a wider geographical occurrence. (Kelly et. al, 2007). Kelly et. al stud ied 19 species of the genus Mopalia, and six closely related species that out group the 131 individuals of the total of the 25 species used.The character-based assessment referred to as the characteristic attribute organizations system is fast, that avoids the false-positive data and it also retains the information on evolution that is in the character-state data. (Desalle et. al, 2005). This approach gives a new perspective to the methods of DNA bar coding. This kind of information is more like a traditional taxonomy. (Desalle et. al, 2005). The CAOS method or the character based method gives clear information, and getting the information is faster, and there is accuracy in the identification of the query sequences of the given data set.The CAOS method is sensitive that distinguishes the taxa of the monophyletic group of the closely related species with a very short sequence of the mitochondrial DNA. The advantage in this method is that it preserves the evolutionary information in the form of character data that avoids the false-positive identification of the query sequences. The number of diagnostics that supports the placement of a query sequence in a clade also used as a confidence value. The bar coding group has no relevance with the CAOS method; this is because the diagnostic character distinguishes monophyletic groups.While distinguishing the monophyletic groups, reference is not a requirement about the relative degree of divergence within and between the taxa. The additional advantage with the CAOS approach is its use as a means of cataloguing the diagnostic molecular characteristics used to distinguish the species. These diagnostics complement the traditional taxonomy. (De Salle et. al, 2005). Even though the description of the species depends on the multiple lines of evidence, the CAOS approach is a good tool to identify significant intraspecific divergences.Additional evidence that includes morphological, geographical, ecological, and behavioral tha t is diagnostic for the new taxon. The CAOS method preserves the character state information, reports diagnostic differences for each node. This method helps the taxonomists to identify and describe divergent organisms that require further scrutiny. (Blaxter,2004). In this method threshold values for the species level are not necessary, which addresses the critical issues in other methods. (Meyer and Paulay,2005). This method of DNA bar coding corrects some pitfalls of the distance based approaches.The inclusion of the evolutionary and taxonomic information in this method gives a context in which there is interpretation of the sequence data and gives a real promise to the DNA bar coding. The CAOS method gives a way to the researchers’ confrontation to identify and make the sense of diversity. Conclusions: The distance based methods for DNA bar coding lack the accuracy that largely depend on the degree of disparity between the intra and site-specific variation that is the bar coding gap. (Meyer and Paulay,2005).Insufficiency in sampling the taxon will increase the disparity that increased the apparent accuracy. CAOS method of DNA bar coding addresses the problems associated with the distance based methods of bar coding. References: Blaxter, M. (2003). Molecular systematics—counting angels with DNA, Nature, 2003, vol. 421, pp. 122–124 Hebert, P. D. N. & Gregory, T. R. (2005),The promise of DNA bar coding for taxonomy. System Biology (54), pp. 852–859. DNA bar coding, consortium for the bar code of life. Available on http://barcoding. si. edu/, retrieved on 30 October 2007.

Short Summary of the Great Gatsby - 11203 Words

Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald About F. Scott Fitzgerald Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896, the only son of an aristocratic father and a provincial, working-class mother. He was therefore the product of two divergent traditions: while his fathers family included the author of The Star-Spangled Banner (after whom Fitzgerald was named), his mothers family was, in Fitzgeralds own words, straight 1850 potato-famine Irish. As a result of this contrast, he was exceedingly ambivalent about the notion of the American dream: for him, it was at once vulgar and dazzlingly promising. It need scarcely be noted that such fascinated ambivalence is itself typically American. Like the central character of The Great†¦show more content†¦Fitzgeralds own divided nature can be seen in the contrast between the novels hero, Jay Gatsby, and its narrator, Nick Carraway. The former represents the naive Midwesterner dazzled by the possibilities of the American dream; the latter represents the compassionate Princeton gentleman who cannot help but regard that dream with suspicion. The Great Gatsby may be described as the most profoundly American novel of its time; Fitzgerald connects Gatsbys dream, his Platonic conception of himself, with the aspirations of the founders of America. A year later, Fitzgerald published a collection of short stories entitled All the Sad Young Men. This book marks the end of the most productive period of Fitzgeralds life; the next decade was full of chaos and misery. Fitzgerald himself began to drink excessively, and Zelda began a slow descent into madness. In 1930 she suffered her first mental breakdown; her second breakdown, from which she never fully recovered, came in 1932. Throughout the 1930s the Fitzgeralds fought an ultimately unsuccessful battle to save their marriage. This struggle was tremendously debilitating for Fitzgerald; he later said that he left [his] capacity for hoping on the little roads that led to Zeldas sanitarium. He did not finish his next novel, Tender Is the Night, until 1934. It is the story of a psychiatrist who marries one of his patients, who, as she slowly recovers, exhausts his vitality until he is a man used up. This book, theShow MoreRelated Cars as a Symbol in The Great Gatsby Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesCars as a Symbol in The Great Gatsby Cars play a very important part in the telling of The Great Gatsby. The Great Gatsby is a very dark, unhappy book, and the cars really exemplify this. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦cars change their meaning and become a symbol of death (Dexheimer). Cars also give the reader insight into some of the different characters in the book. One of the most important jobs of cars in this book is to foreshadow upcoming events. Throughout the book, there are many devastating and darkRead MorePersonal Reading Inventory Worksheet : The Great Gatsby Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal Reading Inventory Worksheet Title of Work: The Great Gatsby Author’s Name: F. Scott Fitzgerald Date of publication: April 10, 1925 Genre: Romance and Adventure Characteristics of the genre the work does/doesn’t meet: The work does meet the characteristic of having an obstacle that prevents love between two people. It also meets the characteristic of strong emotions, love at first sight, and having two protagonists. Setting: Time + Place + Atmosphere (mood or tone): It was the summer of 1922Read MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby1572 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby The world is always in motion. All aspects of life are constantly changing, reforming, and developing. The American Dream has evolved greatly since the actual term was formulated in 1931 by James Truslow Adams. He proposed the American Dream was â€Å"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller†. But F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby is based on an entirely different American Dream, one that is constructed upon the basis of notions of great successRead MoreThe Life and Times of a Philosopher of Flappers Essay696 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Jazz Age. Known for novels such as The Great Gatsby, This Side of Paradise, and The Beautiful and the Damned, and many short stories, Fitzgerald is described by famousauthors.org as â€Å"one of the greatest writers American soil has produced in the 20th century. F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. He had an amazing writing career driven by an int eresting personal life. His death and legacy cut his career short and we still celebrate him now. During hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1645 Words   |  7 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald’s classic American novel â€Å"The Great Gatsby† is a consummate summary of the ‘roaring twenties’ and a devastating show of the ‘Jazz Age’. Nick Carraway Chasing his own American Dream, lands next door to a mysterious, party-giving millionaire, Jay Gatsby young, handsome, and remarkably rich always seems alone in the crowd, watching and waiting although no one knows what for. Nick is drawn into the captivating world of the super rich, their illusions, loves and deceits. As NickRead MoreEssay about The Jazz Age1435 Words   |  6 Pagestheir elders was through â€Å"flapper† culture. Flappers, often called the heroines of the Jazz Age, were women who offended the older generations because they defied the conventions of acceptable female behavior. A typical flapper had short, bobbed hair, and wore a short baggy skirt with turned d own hose and powdered knees. Their dresses often exposed her arms as well as her legs from the knees down. Flappers were thought of by their elders as being a little fast and brazen, since they were no longerRead MoreCompare Sonnets From The Shakespeare And The Great Gatsby1424 Words   |  6 Pagestexts is imperative as it allows responders to comprehend the discrepancies and similarities between texts as well as the values of composers within their contexts. Elizabeth Barret Browning’s (EBB’S), Sonnets from the Portuguese (SFP) and The Great Gatsby (TGG) composed by Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (FSF) explore the way love and spirituality have been altered by the composers over the seventy years between the texts. In EBB’S SFP published in 1850, hope, purpose and passion are accentuated. HoweverRead MoreChapter 2 : Individual Notes1532 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby: Chapter 2 Individual Notes PLOT SUMMARY: Nick is travelling on the train with Tom, who insists that Nick meet Myrtle. They visit a place between West Egg and New York, called The Valley of Ashes. Tom takes Nick over to a garage there, right next to the huge billboard of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg, which is where his secret mistress, Myrtle and her husband, George Wilson live. While George goes to retrieve chairs, Tom secretly tells Myrtle to get on the next train so they could meetRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1824 Words   |  8 Pages The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald s magnum opus, The Great Gatsby explores themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, socialRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1901 Words   |  8 Pageslife for Fitzgerald was never easy in â€Å"The Lost Generation†, he continued to provide for himself and his family’s needs by writing novels such as The Great Gatsby. Author Biography Middle-class man This Side Of Paradise 1920 RIP December 21, 1940 Historical Background â€Å"Lost Generation† Jazz age Hollywood Years The Great Gatsby - A Novel Summary Jay Gatsby Tom Buchanan The Green Light Stephen Hagenbuch David Scott Fields II American Literature Period 2 May 18, 2015 F. Scott Fitzgerald â€Å"Show me